[54], Cadmium has no known function in higher organisms,[55] but a cadmium-dependent carbonic anhydrase has been found in some marine diatoms. The claimed sales figure and the total of certified units (for each country) within the provided sources include sales of albums, singles, compilation-albums, music videos as well as downloads of singles and full-length albums. Two lead artists and one featured artist. The Cd added to the soil from fertilizers (rock phosphates or organic fertilizers) become bio-available and toxic only if the soil pH is low (i.e., acidic soils). Cadmium The french rock/metal band Cadmium is really fond of exploring all kind of musical orientations. The tables are listed with both their claimed sales figure along with their total independently certified units and are ranked in descending order, with the artist with the highest amount of claimed sales at the top. Cadmium and its congeners in group 12 are often not considered transition metals, in that they do not have partly filled d or f electron shells in the elemental or common oxidation states. South Korea and Japan also make cadmium. The following is an independently verified list of best-selling music artists (those with claims of 75 million or more record sales) from the second half of the 20th century to the present.Only artists whose claimed sales figures can be cross-referenced with music recording certification systems (the first of which appeared in the late 1950s) are included. This is because Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and almost all other certifying bodies count streaming towards Gold and Platinum thresholds required for Digital Single Award certification. Heavier isotopes decay mostly through beta emission producing element 49 (indium). A discussion started in 1999 but continuing through 2020. Standard for Certifying Awards of Countries (Unit sales) (Page 25)", "Certification levels for Austria (all periods)", "Pełny Tekst Regulaminu Przyznawania Wyróżnień", "The Official Music Charts of NZ: June 4, 2007", "On Demand Streams Added To New Zealand Top 40 Album Charts", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_best-selling_music_artists&oldid=990967047, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, To ensure the highest level of fact checking and editorial control, this list sources sales figures to news organizations and highly regarded music industry related organizations such as. Cadmium is a moderately reactive metal. [10], Cadmium is created via the s-process in low- to medium-mass stars with masses of 0.6 to 10 solar masses, over thousands of years. Nickel-cadmium cells have a nominal cell potential of 1.2 V. The cell consists of a positive nickel hydroxide electrode and a negative cadmium electrode plate separated by an alkaline electrolyte (potassium hydroxide). The more recent the artist, the higher the required percentage of certified units; this is because more music markets instituted certification systems after the 1980s and 1990s. As of 2017[update], based on both sales claims and certified units, The Beatles are considered the highest-selling band. On average, cadmium concentrations in the blood of smokers is 4 to 5 times greater than non-smokers and in the kidney, 2–3 times greater than in non-smokers. [18][19] This was adopted by the 7th General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1927. The potential for cadmium yellow as pigment was recognized in the 1840s, but the lack of cadmium limited this application. [4] Stromeyer found the new element as an impurity in zinc carbonate (calamine), and, for 100 years, Germany remained the only important producer of the metal. However, grains, vegetables, and starchy roots and tubers are consumed in much greater quantity in the U.S., and are the source of the greatest dietary exposure there. [89] Most plants bio-accumulate metal toxins such as Cd and when composted to form organic fertilizers, yield a product that often can contain high amounts (e.g., over 0.5 mg) of metal toxins for every kilo of fertilizer. [14][15][16], Even though cadmium and its compounds are toxic in certain forms and concentrations, the British Pharmaceutical Codex from 1907 states that cadmium iodide was used as a medication to treat "enlarged joints, scrofulous glands, and chilblains". Recent data from epidemiological studies suggest that intake of cadmium through diet associates to higher risk of endometrial, breast, and prostate cancer as well as to osteoporosis in humans. This list uses claimed figures that are closest to artists' available certified units: inflated claimed figures that meet the required certified units amount but are unrealistically high, are not used. [90], The EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain specifies that 2.5 μg/kg body weight is a tolerable weekly intake for humans. Cadmium is a Pop/Future Bass producer from Florida with more than 100 millions views/spins across all streaming platforms. Human exposure is primarily from fossil fuel combustion, phosphate fertilizers, natural sources, iron and steel production, cement production and related activities, nonferrous metals production, and municipal solid waste incineration. Cadmium is a blue-gray soft metal.It can be considered a transition metal or a post-transition metal.It is malleable and ductile.It is similar to zinc.It melts at 321°C. Cadmium and its congeners are not always considered transition metals, in that they do not have partly filled d or f electron shells in the elemental or common oxidation states. That is why Cliff Richard, Diana Ross, Scorpions, Bing Crosby, Deep Purple, Iron Maiden, Tom Jones, The Jackson 5, Dionne Warwick, the Spice Girls, Dolly Parton, Ozzy Osbourne, Andrea Bocelli and others have not been included on this list. Markets' order within the tables is based on. If possible I would like references to actual data. [92], The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the permissible exposure limit (PEL) for cadmium at a time-weighted average (TWA) of 0.005 ppm. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Volume 58, such as seen on the organic cocoa powder marketed by Better Body Foods, for example, Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive, General Conference on Weights and Measures, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)", 10.1002/0471238961.0301041303011818.a01.pub3, "Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) Cadmium", "Wichtige Nachricht für Aerzte und Apoteker - Entdeckung eines Arsenikgehalts in der Zinkblume und des Zinkvitriols in Tartarus vitriolis", "Noch ein schreiben über das neue Metall", "Life cycle impact analysis of cadmium in CdTe PV production", Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, "The most neglected threat to public health in China is toxic soil", "Advances to Protective Coatings and their Application to Ageing Aircraft", "CIA – Breaking Through Technological Barriers – Finding The Right Metal (A-12 program)", "Are quantum dot TVs – and their toxic ingredients – actually better for the environment? 2. [34] In the 1970s, the output of cadmium was 6.5 pounds per ton of zinc. [38] This coating is passivated by chromate salts. Cadmium is a chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. (The issued certification(s) should be added to the total of both, the lead artist and the featured artist as both will have almost equal amount of part). - discord.gg/dKKVA66 If you want to use this song make sure to add the following..----- For isotopes lighter than 112 u, the primary decay mode is electron capture and the dominant decay product is element 47 (silver). Chinese ministry of agriculture measured in 2002 that 28% of rice it sampled had excess lead and 10% had excess cadmium above limits defined by law. In 2009, 86% of cadmium was used in batteries, predominantly in rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries. Cadmium is a Pop/Future Bass producer from Florida with more than 100 millions views/spins across all streaming platforms. ", "In vitro nephrotoxicity and anticancer potency of newly synthesized cadmium complexes", "Cadmium Selenium Testing for Microbial Contaminants", "A biological function for cadmium in marine diatoms", "A Review of Molecular Events of Cadmium-Induced Carcinogenesis", 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2014011075, "Breast cancer frequency and exposure to cadmium: A meta-analysis and systematic review", "Cadmium Exposure and Clinical Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review". An estimated 10% of the cadmium content of a cigarette is inhaled through smoking.
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